Mattel Toy Recall free essay sample

Albeit numerous eyewitnesses give the organization kudos for reacting to the emergency rapidly with a conciliatory sentiment from the CEO and vows to found increasingly thorough item security checks, Mattel still faces various issues, incorporating critical expenses related with the reviews and new observing frameworks, possible claims and a hit to its notoriety similarly as the Christmas shopping season prepares to launch1. Presentation Mattel Inc. has reviewed in excess of 20 million toys it fabricated in China, refering to issues with lead paint and worries about free magnets that kids could swallow. Mattel accuses the latest review for a training that might be very comfortable to engineers with experience producing in China †to be specific, a vendor’s quick change in materials or assembling processes2. Tom Debrowski, Mattel’s official VP for overall tasks, clarifies that a subcontractor employed to design portions of the Sarge toy came up short on the paint Mattel indicated for the car’s rooftop and windshield. We will compose a custom paper test on Mattel Toy Recall or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The subcontractor, an organization called Hong Li Da (HLD), at that point subbed a paint that contained lead. Debrowski says HLD acted without advising Mattel or its essential merchant for the vehicle, Early Light Industrial Co. The item wellbeing issue may appear to be particularly articulated in the toy business since it depends so vigorously on Chinese creation. As indicated by the Toy Industry Assoc. , China makes around 80 percent of all toys sold in the U. S. Not all of Mattel’s review burdens can be accused exclusively on Chinese assembling. Truth be told, Mattel got back to 18. 2 million toys on the grounds that they contain little magnets that could become loose3. Mattel is working in participation with the U. S. Purchaser Product Safety Commission and other administrative organizations around the world. Mattel is additionally working with retailers worldwide to recognize and expel influenced items from retail retires. Where the lead paint is concerned, it was careless of Mattel not to have indicated all the more solidly, and reviewed all the more intently, what its Chinese providers were doing and where the magnets are concerned, it was careless of Mattel not to have had a superior plan for its products4. Case introduction Mattel’s Global Manufacturing Principles (GMP) apply to all gatherings that fabricate, amass, permit or disperse any item or bundle bearing any of the Mattel logos. GMP gives direction and least guidelines to all assembling plants, get together activities and circulation focuses that make or disseminate Mattel items. GMP requires inward and occasional autonomous checking of Mattel’s execution and its accomplices execution to the measures. Mattel is set up to end associations with the individuals who don't comply5. Mattel’s review includes 83 items and was found by an European retailer toward the beginning of June 2007. Mattel even helped the agreement producer accused for the review, because of utilization of lead paint, to set up its own testing research center, which ought to have prepared for the paint issue. In any case, while Mattel observes severe work laws at its own offices in China, it has additionally followed different producers in depending on many different temporary workers and sub-contractual workers. With a flexibly chain that may contain upwards of 3000 manufacturing plants in China, the errand of value control, reviews and assessments turns out to be progressively difficult6. Undermining the utilization of crude materials, abusing laborers, utilizing kids and offering incentives to maintain a strategic distance from wellbeing assessments are each of the a result of business sectors that have seen the costs of certain products at record-breaking low genuine prices7. Mattel has long periods of assembling experience there before this lead paint incident8. The organization runs its own processing plants in China and has effectively overseen many sellers there throughout the years. Mattel as of now has a broad quality affirmation program (GMP) set up well before the terrible paint work. That program included obligatory quality tests by Mattel’s merchants just as testing of in-process and completed merchandise by Mattel itself. The Toys conveyed were plainly not the ones arranged and determined by Mattel and by one way or another harmful materials had discovered their way into the creation procedure. To attempt to expand benefits providers will frequently switch crude materials for something comparative and less expensive and have great at passing reviews and seeming consistent without really being agreeable. By and large, it is the supplier’s sub-contractual workers and the sub-sub-temporary workers where the switch happens and the more profound down the flexibly chain the difficult exists, the more troublesome it is to spot. A definitive duty regarding the item quality rests with the organization that claims the brand9. Agreements between the companies and the providers plainly specify the materials to be utilized and not to be utilized. For example, toxic paint for toys or azo-colors for articles of clothing are forbidden10. The difficult it appears isn't with the agreement yet with the usage. It is fundamental for Mattel to implement rigid quality controls to get any seller who attempts to deceive them once more. Simultaneously it is likewise basic for Mattel to guarantee this happens well before the items hit the market and get under the control of purchasers, particularly buyers who are kids and helpless. Suggestions Long-term quality confirmation measures: Quality affirmation needs to cover all exercises from structure, advancement, creation, establishment, overhauling and documentation too. Item quality and security have their underlying foundations in the structure procedure. Mattel must screen structures for a scope of security gives well before a section goes into creation. For instance, they could search for strangulation and suffocation, just as part includes that could squeeze, cut or jab a kid much before these plans hit the creation floor. Mattel needs a quality confirmation process that will allow just affirmed crude materials to be utilized in the creation, will check each bunch of merchandise from the sub-temporary worker (and sub-sub-contractual worker) before it arrives at the provider, will check each creation run of completed toys from its providers to guarantee consistence before they arrive at its clients. Mattel likewise needs to build arbitrary investigations by both inner and outside evaluators and quality reviewers. Mattel needs to test disappointment as opposed to test consistence, which is the training in the remainder of the toy industry11. Testing to disappointment has its own advantages as it uncovers underlying drivers of issues in manners that regularly stay covered up with consistence testing. Mattel needs to keep on welcoming autonomous and open observing of its assembling facilities12. To address the above long haul quality affirmation measures, it is suggested that a cross-useful, cross-authoritative and cross-topographical group be made at Mattel. This group, working under the authority of Mr. Jim Walter, will lead Mattel through this emergency and guarantee that all issues that have emerged from the arrangement of item reviews are effectively tended to. Framing the group to address gives that have emerged from the arrangement of item reviews: The group will be accused of creating and executing of overall projects to underscore Mattels pledge to directing business with the most extreme respectability, and keep on improving the companys position of authority in worldwide citizenship. The group will upgrade the previously existing GMP with the expansion of the above suggestions in this manner working as an inside review association that will screen Mattel and merchant offices consistence with Mattels Product Integrity norms. The group must have portrayal from Mattel’s and its obtained company’s structure, advancement, creation, establishment, administration documentation offices, portrayal from Mattel’s suppliers’, sub-temporary workers and sub-sub-contractual workers just as portrayal from inside and outside evaluators. The group will work under the administration of Mr. Jim Walter, if plausible, or under the administration of a reasonable pioneer having comparative experience and involvement in such an item review circumstance. The leader’s job must mirror a blend of a mandate and participative pioneer practices proposed by House’s Path-Goal hypothesis of leadership13. Group choice predicts group execution: Effective groups base part determination in specialized and social skill. A forthcoming group member’s zone of specialized skill, point of view and intrigue should be considered in the light of the undertaking team’s extent of work. Viable groups that emphasis on association wide issues mirror an intentional decent variety of participation across structure, improvement, creation, establishment, administration documentation divisions of Mattel and its obtained organizations, portrayal from Mattel’s suppliers’, sub-contractual workers and sub-sub-temporary workers just as portrayal from inner and outer examiners. Mindful determination forms compare to high part fulfillment and responsibility. Group association and procedures anticipate group execution: A compelling group will build up and hold fast to conduct principles in regards to colleague jobs, group practices, standards, and guidelines. A develop bunch must have a social structure with a few measurements. These measurements incorporate gathering part jobs, job connections, the correspondence system of the gathering and impact designs inside the group14. Normally, successful groups assign an organizer (who could conceivably be a pariah). Ordinarily, the group chief is a powerful task administrator and mentor. Desires for all jobs, including that of group support, are examined and reported. A powerful group will alter jobs, objectives, and undertakings to coordinate individ

Best Rhyming Poems Essay Example For Students

Best Rhyming Poems Essay Outline1 Rhyming Poems2 Song of Myself (1892 rendition) by Walt Whitman3 Humanitad by Oscar Wilde4 The Bells by Edgar Allan Poe Rhyming Poems Verse that rhymes transfers a message through the music of the expressed word. Heres two or three them: Tune of Myself (1892 adaptation) by Walt Whitman 1 I CELEBRATE myself; What's more, what I accept you will expect; For each particle having a place with me, as great has a place with you. I loafe and welcome my Soul; I lean and loafe at my straightforwardness, watching a lance of summer grass. Houses and rooms are brimming with perfumesâ€the racks are packed with fragrances; I inhale the scent myself, and know it and like it; The refining would inebriate me additionally, however I will not let it. The air isn't a perfumeâ€it has no essence of the distillationâ€it is unscented; It is for my mouth foreverâ€I am infatuated with it; I will go to the bank by the wood, and become undisguised and bare; I am distraught for it to be in contact with me. 2 The smoke of my own breath; Echoes, swells, buzz’d murmurs, love-root, silk-string, groin and vine; My breath and motivation, the thumping of my heart, the death of blood furthermore, air through my lungs; The sniff of green leaves and dry leaves, and of the shore, and dim color’d ocean rocks, and of feed in the horse shelter; The sound of the belch’d expressions of my voice, words loos’d to the whirlpools of the breeze; A couple of light kisses, a couple of grasps, a stretching around of arms; The play of sparkle and shade on the trees as the graceful branches sway; The enjoyment alone, or in the surge of the boulevards, or along the fields and slope sides; The sentiment of wellbeing, the full-early afternoon trill, the melody of me ascending from bed and meeting the sun. Have you reckon’d a thousand sections of land a lot? have you reckon’d the earth much? Have you practis’d so long to figure out how to peruse? Have you felt so pleased to get at the importance of sonnets? Stop this day and night with me, and you will have the inception everything being equal; You will have the benefit of the earth and sunâ€(there are a great many suns left;) You will no longer take things at second or third hand, nor glance through the eyes of the dead, nor feed on the ghosts in books; You will not glance through my eyes either, nor take things from me: You will tune in to all sides, and channel them from yourself. 3 I have heard what the talkers were talking, the discussion of the start and the end; Be that as it may, I don't discussion of the start or the end. There was never any more origin than there is presently, Nor any more youth or age than there is currently; What's more, will never be any more flawlessness than there is currently, Nor any more paradise or hellfire than there is presently. Desire, and inclination, and desire; Continuously the procreant desire of the world. Out of the shadowiness inverse equivalents advanceâ€always substance and increment, continuously sex; Continuously a sew of identityâ€always distinctionâ€always a variety of life. To expound is no availâ€learn’d and unlearn’d feel that it is so. Sure as the most certain definite, plumb in the uprights, well entretied, propped in the pillars, Bold as a pony, warm, haughty, electrical, I and this puzzle, here we stand. Clear and sweet is my Soul, and clear and sweet is all that isn't my Soul. Need one needs both, and the inconspicuous is demonstrated by the seen, Till that gets inconspicuous, and gets evidence in its turn. Demonstrating the best, and separating it from the most noticeably awful, age vexes age; Knowing the ideal wellness and poise of things, while they examine I am quiet, and go wash and appreciate myself. Welcome is each organ and quality of me, and of any man generous and clean; Not an inch, nor a molecule of an inch, is awful, and none will be less recognizable than the rest. I am satisfiedâ€I see, move, giggle, sing: As the embracing and cherishing Bed-individual rests next to me as the night progressed, and pulls back at the peep of the day, with subtle track, Leaving me crates cover’d with white towels, growing the house with their bounty, Will I delay my usual meaning and acknowledgment, and shout at my eyes, That they abandon looking after and not far off, Also, forthwith figure and show me a penny, Precisely the substance of one, and precisely the substance of two, and which is ahead? 4 Trippers and askers encompass me; Individuals I meetâ€the endless supply of my initial life, or the ward and city I live in, or the country, The most recent dates, revelations, innovations, social orders, creators old and new, My supper, dress, partners, looks, praises, duty, The genuine or liked impassion of some man or lady I love, The affliction of one of my people, or of myself, or sick doing, or misfortune or absence of cash, or despondencies or praises; Fights, the repulsions of fratricidal war, the fever of suspicious news, the erratic occasions; These come to me days and evenings, and go from me once more, However, they are not simply the Me. Aside from the pulling and pulling stands what I am; Stands diverted, self-satisfied, compassionating, inactive, unitary; Looks down, is erect, or twists an arm on an indistinct certain rest, Looking with side-bended head, inquisitive what will come straightaway; Both all through the game, and watching and standing amazed at it. In reverse I find in my own days where I perspired through mist with language specialists and contenders; I have no mockings or argumentsâ€I witness and pause. 5 I trust in you, my Soulâ€the other I am must not demean itself to you; What's more, you should not be demeaned to the next. Loafe with me on the grassâ€loose the prevent from your throat; Not words, not music or rhyme I wantâ€not custom or talk, not even the best; Just the break I like, the murmur of your valved voice. I mind how once we lay, such a straightforward summer morning; How you settled your head athwart my hips, and tenderly turn’d over upon me, Also, separated the shirt from my chest bone, and plunged your tongue to my exposed stript heart, Also, reach’d till you felt my facial hair, and reach’d till you held my feet. Quickly emerged and spread around me the harmony and information that pass all the contention of the earth; Also, I realize that the hand of God is the guarantee of my own, What's more, I realize that the soul of God is the sibling of my own; What's more, that all the men at any point conceived are likewise my siblings, and the ladies my sisters also, sweethearts; Also, that a kelson of the creation is love; Also, boundless are leaves, solid or hanging in the fields; Also, earthy colored ants in the little wells underneath them; Also, overgrown scabs of the worm fence, and heap’d stones, senior, mullen and jab weed. 6 A kid stated, What is the grass? bringing it to me with full hands; How might I answer the kid? I don't have the foggiest idea what it is, anything else than he. I get it must be the banner of my demeanor, out of cheerful green stuff woven. Or on the other hand I get it is the hanky of the Lord, A scented blessing and remembrancer, designedly dropt, Bearing the owner’s name some way or another in the corners, that we may see and comment, and state, Whose? Or on the other hand I surmise the grass is itself a youngster, the created darling of the vegetation. Or on the other hand I get it is a uniform hieroglyphic; What's more, it implies, Sprouting the same in expansive zones and restricted zones, Developing among dark people as among white; Kanuck, Tuckahoe, Congressman, Cuff, I give them the equivalent, I get them the same. What's more, presently it appears to me the lovely whole hair of graves. Softly will I use you, twisting grass; It might be you come to pass from the bosoms of youngsters; It might be on the off chance that I had known them I would have adored them; It might be you are from elderly folks individuals, and from ladies, and from posterity taken soon out of their mothers’ laps; Also, here you are the mothers’ laps. This grass is exceptionally dull to be from the white heads of old moms; Darker than the drab facial hair of elderly people men; Dull to originate from under the swoon red tops of mouths. O I see after all such a large number of articulating tongues! What's more, I see they don't originate from the tops of mouths in vain. I wish I could interpret the indications about the dead youngsters and ladies, Furthermore, the indications about elderly people men and moms, and the posterity removed soon from their laps. What do you think has happened to the youthful and elderly people men? What's more, what do you think has happened to the ladies and kids? They are fit as a fiddle some place; The littlest sprout appears there is actually no demise; Furthermore, if at any time there was, it driven forward life, and doesn't hold up toward the conclusion to capture it, Furthermore, ceas’d the second life appear’d. All goes ahead and outwardâ€nothing breakdown; Furthermore, amazing not the same as what any one assumed, and more fortunate. 7 Has any one guessed it fortunate to be conceived? I rush to illuminate that person, it is similarly as fortunate to bite the dust, and I know it. I pass demise with the perishing, and birth with the new-wash’d angel, and am most certainly not contain’d between my cap and boots; Also, scrutinize complex items, no two the same, and each one great; The earth great, and the stars great, and their assistants all great. I am not an earth, nor an assistant of an earth; I am the mate and friend of individuals, all similarly as undying and fathomless as myself; (They don't have the foggiest idea how unfading, however I know. ) Each sort for itself and its ownâ€for me mine, male and female; For me those that have been young men, and that affection ladies; For me the man that is glad, and feels how it stings to be insulted; For me the darling and the old maidâ€for me moms, and the moms of moms; For me lips that have grinned, eyes that have cried tears; For me kids, and the begetters of kids. Undrape! you are not blameworthy to me, nor stale, nor disposed of; I see through the broadcloth and gingham, regardless of whether or no; What's more, am around, persevering, avaricious, eager, and can't be shaken away. 8 The little one rests in its support; I lift the cloth, and look quite a while, and quietly brush away fl

How to Study Less and Get Better Grades

How to Study Less and Get Better Grades How to Study Less and Get Better Grades Home›Education Posts›How to Study Less and Get Better Grades Education PostsMany students who struggle to get good grades think that successful students have high IQ or study more, or they are perfectionists without social life. While this may be true in some cases, studies show a totally different picture: students who do exceptionally well have a set of study techniques that let them achieve academic success.In this article, we will introduce 3 key study tips that successful students use and that will help you get better grades.Set GoalsSet goals as their absence leads to lack of motivation and impedes your progress. Studies have shown that 94%of students who used SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound) technique when setting goals experienced grade improvement during the semester, while only 5% of those who set a goal in mind without   writing down had a measurable improvement.The Pareto PrincipleThis principle h as proven that students can study less and get good grades at the same time. The principle says the following: 20% of effort gives 80% of the result. You shouldn’t accept it literally, but you should understand that focusing on the main point is far more important than trying to learn all the details, especially when you lack the basic knowledge of a topic. For example, when you need to write a paper on some topic and prepare for the exam, you can order a paper at qualitycustomessays.com and use it as a basis for the research you had no time to conduct and prepare for the exam at the same time.You can use this principle even outside the classroom.Improve your MemoryIt has been found that one of the most important predictors of academic success is having good memory skills. Notice, it is not having a good memory but good memory skills. Students who have good memory skills are likely to excel in all classes while those who have poor memory skills will likely fall behind. If you are a student and want to improve your memory, you should learn memory enhancing techniques, and you will start learning more effectively and will witness an improvement of your grades in no time.So these were the main study tips every student should know in order to get better grades and achieve academic success.

Matrix Overlay To Networking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4278 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. MATRIX OVERLAY TO NETWORKING 3 2.1. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Matrix Overlay To Networking" essay for you Create order Matrix Overlay: 3 2.2. Responsible Autonomy: 3 2.3. Matrix Overlay VS Responsible Autonomy: 4 2.4. Example of Company: 4 2.5. Conclusion: 5 3. CENTRALIZATION TO DECENTRALIZATION 6 3.1. Centralization 6 3.2. Decentralization 6 3.3. Centralization or Decentralization 7 3.4. Examples of company: 8 4. ORGANIZATION TO NETWORKING 10 4.1. Organization 10 4.2. Organizational Structure 11 4.3. Types of Organizational structures 11 4.4. TRADITIONAL STRUCTURES 11 4.5. LINE STRUCTURE 12 4.6. LINE-AND-STAFF STRUCTURE 12 4.7. MATRIX STRUCTURE 12 4.8. Organizational change for enterprise growth 13 4.9. IBM 13 4.10. Toyota Company 14 4.11. Organization structure of Toyota 14 4.12. Networking 14 4.13. Salient Benefits 15 4.14. Outsourcing: a major drive to network formation 15 4.15. The globalization of networking 16 4.16. Trust: a stumbling-block to successful networking 16 4.17. Conclusion 17 5. THE NEW ORGANIZATION (mukulRuchira) 19 6. CONCLUSION (mukulruchira) 19 7. REFERENCE 20 7.1. Paper Based Resources 20 7.2. Electronic Resources 20 INTRODUCTION MATRIX OVERLAY TO NETWORKING Matrix Overlay: It is to explain organizational structure based on optimal coordination of interaction among actives. The main idea is that each manager is cabala of detecting and coordinating interactions only within his limited areas of expertise. Only the CEO can coordinate companywide interactions, optimal design of the organization trades of the costs and benefits of various configurations of managers. Responsible Autonomy: The responsible autonomy is an individual or a group has autonomy to decide what to do but is accountable for the outcomes of the decisions it might be called no rule or no external rule, Responsible Autonomy means to address the difficulties in applying direct control strategies in seeks to encourage creativity and innovation by developing an informal working environment for respective manager and technical staff a conceptual frame work is develop on relationship between management control strategies and information system project risks. Matrix Overlay VS Responsible Autonomy: According to Bryan and Joyce, they argued that â€Å"today’s big companies do very little to enhance the productivity of their professional structures , retrofitted with ad hoc and matrix overlays nearly always make professional works more complex and inefficient.† Organizations in 21st century are not fit for 21st century workers. Comparably in responsible autonomy is form of organization in which groups of workers decide for themselves what to do, but should be accountable for the outcome. It is a open source work. It gets the people well connected to each other in organization which help to make more innovations and explore knowledge. Example of Company: The Unilever, the basic organisational unit is the country-based sales and marketing team. Now when categories are increasingly internationally and needed to manage globally. As a result Unilever has category managers at global and regional levels. And recently, brands are now stretched across categories like Vaseline is a brand and in Vaseline enter the deodorant or shampoo categories. So therefore it’s necessary to have a brand management function or process above the level of category. Same issues arise in supply side, as in manufacturing and purchasing increasingly need to managed not only across the brands and categories but also across the countries and regions. Therefore these companies involve a complex network of relationships between interdependent units, working together in a matrix structure. The only three ways to get things done that is to coordinate to an organization these are Hierarchy: has been a most the commonly used way of combining system, culture, leader ship and power; the four key feature of an organization. And it is also most common and often thought of as the only way. Now the time is ripe for change in order to thrive we need to get rid of our addiction to hierarchy. Biased in our factors and re enforced by long cultured tradition, we need to move to more cooperative, smart and accountable ways of organizing. Therefore depending on its purpose and size, organizations will need to blend in various degrees of heterachy and responsible autonomy. In its hierarchy dominated matrix. Some of the key factors to pull away from hierarchy are individual skills, rewards system and more participatory governance systems, Heterarchy: In this concept it describes as divided, supported or dispersed rule where control shifts around depending on the project and the personality, skills, experience and enthusiasm of those who can make things happen. Responsible autonomy: In this concept the teams of employees decide what to do but remain accountable for the result. Conclusion: Today’s big companies do very little to enhance the productivity of their professionals. In fact, their vertically oriented organizational structures, retrofitted with ad hoc and matrix overlays, nearly always make professional work more complex and inefficient.† In other words, 21st-century organizations are not fit for 21st-century workers. The models and frameworks that shaped our leading organizations from the end of the second world war through the conclusion of the cold war are clearly obsolete in this new era of e-business, perpetual innovation and global competition.† The design of today’s complex enterprises, says Mercer Delta, requires an entirely new way of thinking about organizations. Trust is the driving issue here, and one that you will find about implementing new management techniques and new technology to empower innovation creators. Network person can add tremendous amount of value to a large organisation. However, to get the mos t out of their, Senior Management has to trust him. Senior Management to trust him with key information about the company’s strategies and challenges. Senior management has to trust him to make decisions. Finally, Senior Management has to trust him with all the tools she will need to communicate with the rest of the company. CENTRALIZATION TO DECENTRALIZATION To know about centralization to decentralization, we need to know the definition of centralization and decentralization and how organization works under these states. Centralization It is a state under which organizational and management decisions and strategies are decides by the single authorities and where resources underutilized, less motivation to the employees, lack of knowledge sharing and less moral of the employees causes the conflicts and errors in the management. Decentralization It is a state of the organization run under the subunits of management and decisions are made on the lower level and it would be the best definition if you say the lower the level where the decision are made the greater is the decentralization. . Factors involved in decentralization. There are plenty of reason which leads an organization centralized to decentralized. Decision making authorities are not aware of the local knowledge which could effect the decisions. The less the managerial force in decision-making will not get the desirable motivational effect and managers have not much control over the results. Targets and achievements of overall organization is not the responsibility of every manager, everyone is liable for his own code of conduct and its directly effects the goals of the company. The application of services are not fully utilized because they are forced to do the certain job which cause of insufficient results. Centralized process cannot divide labour as perfect as decentralized did and even in the time of need to improve deficiency or inefficiency by moving their working force around and they can do so without the approval of top management. Example. Consider the Dallas Cowboys of the early 90’s, where Jerry Jones the owner had final say over all personnel decisions to the New England Patriots of today, where numerous individuals throughout the organization have an input on personnel decisions. By trusting the individuals within the organization to obtain accurate information and use their minds to provide appropriate analysis, the Patriots are able to take advantage of division of labor and allows for multiple individuals to give input on players. Decentralization has proven so successful for the Patriots (via seemingly always finding cheap players to replace expensive stars) that the Cowboys have now moved toward a more decentralized structure. https://www.answers.com/topic/decentralization https://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/4020.html https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/index.php/Kellogg/article/when_should_firm_decentralize https://www.adampieniazek.com/management/centralization-vs-decentralization/ Centralization or Decentralization Normally, centralized decision making is one of the strategies which is using by the international and global organisation, decentralized decision making is the multidomestic strategy. The decision making of centralized is the senior manager who has experience and expertise in the organisation and they are controlling the whole organisation. This is good for headquarter to control the organisation and make sure it always following the strategy of the organisation, reducing the risk of the lower-level employees make. But this is really hard for management to motivate their employees and they will wait to be told what to do, secondly the top management level will hard to get information from the bottom line and this is going to cause missed communication between manager and their employees (John, D.D Lee, H.H Daniel, P.S, p526). Decentralised decision making base on the local managers and they can decide what to do, because they know a lot about the local environment so that the y can deal in the right way. In most of the organisation top managers are not contact with the customers, competitors, suppliers and markets directly, so they do not really know the right decision for practically case. Therefore, decentralized decision making providing an opportunity for the line managers to decide what to do and make the right decision. Decentralized strategy can encourage the line managers to exercise initiative and motivate the lower level employees to do greater job. On the other hand, if there are lots of bad decisions are made then the organisation will be in the risk and also the performance of the organisation may get change (John, D.D Lee, H.H Daniel, P.S, p527). Above all different organisations have their own strategies and they will follow their strategy to make the organisation become global and international organisation. Therefore, centralized and decentralized strategies are the way for organisations to approach into global market, consider on d ifferent culture that the organisation will choose either centralized or decentralized strategy to mange their organisation. Reference: John, D.D Lee, H.H Daniel, P.S.(2007), International business environment and operations, eleven edition, Pearson Prentice Hall. Examples of company: Johnson Johnson (Decentralized) JJ has more than 250 operating companies in 57 countries and is employing 117,000 people all around the world. They are completely example of decentralized organization with success. According to an interview between William Weldon, chairman and CEO of the JohnsonJohnson and [email  protected]/* */, he believes that to be decentralized have lots of challenges with great opportunities as well. Local management structure helps to understand the consumer, the people, the government and the needs in the marketplace. Because they grew up in those markets, understand those markets and develop themselves in those markets. To run business locally is easier than run it from the U.S. JJ has strong leadership and management framework that is way being decentralized is not a reason to lose control . The other thing that decentralization does is that it gives company a tremendous opportunity to develop people. Another great benefit is when people make a mistake it does not affect on whole company but the problem with centralization is if one person makes one mistake, it can cripple the whole organization. On the other hand decentralized corporate structure gives people freedom to create new products and ideas. This makes JJ more innovative company and competitive in the market. (Johnson Johnson CEO William Weldon: Leadership in a Decentralized Company, 25 June,2008) (https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?arti cleid=2003) NILAY HP: (Centralized) Hewlett-Packard had decentralized structure in the 1970s with a lot of small divisions then in the early 1980s they became centralized because three divisions were not well-matched with each other. But in this case they realized that system obstruct innovation and talent. HP has changed management structure in 199 0 but this time company suffered lack of coordination then centralized in 1994, swung back to decentralized units in 1998 and finally returned to centralized in 2000. ((https://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_11-1058040.html) According to Lampman, Director of HP Labs â€Å"The company came from a pretty long tradition of a very highly decentralized business model, and if anything, that probably reached its zenith in the mid to late 1990s and while that model actually worked very well for us in the past, both in the early days of the company and even in the period since we got into computer systems in al lot of ways it fundamentally broke down as we found ourselves in system businesses which required more integration and a more intensively competitive environment which required a lot more leveraging of the assets that we have.† Having centralized management structure is making stronger their following points: HP minimized broke down in computer system becaus e of less integration. HP got compatibility between products across the entire business and they get consumer experience using simple way. HP believes that a move to centralization was also a move to improved alignment. They completely disagree that being centralized cause negative impact on innovation. (Thinking Strategically in turbulent times, Alan M. Glassman, Deone Zell, Shari Duron, M.E Sharpe Inc. , 2005. Edition 2nd. NILAY ORGANIZATION TO NETWORKING Organization An organization is a group of people with same aims, goals and achievements and social arrangement which controls its own performance. Organizations can be regarded as people management systems. They range from simple hierarchies along traditional lines to complex networks dependent on computer systems and telecommunications. Human resource managers can encourage organizations to adopt strategies (for their structures) which foster both cost-effectiveness and employee commitment. Organizational structures can be classified into a number of types, including functional, divisional, matrix, federations and networks. There are many examples of organizations but among the most successful organizations are Coca-Cola and Toyota Motor Corporation. These organizations represent companies that operate for very long time very successfully in global business. These companies are in first 100 top companies in the world. The Coca-Cola Company operates in more than 200 countries and markets with nearly 500 brands and 3,000 beverage products. Toyota Corporation is currently the worlds largest automaker. Organizational Structure Every organization to be effective must have an organizational structure. It is the form of structure that determines the hierarchy and the reporting structure in the organization. It is also called organizational chart. There are different types of organization structures that companies follow depending on a variety of things; it can be based on geographical regions, products or hierarchy. To put it simply an organizational structure is a plan that shows the organization of work and the systematic arrangement of work. Types of Organizational structures TRADITIONAL STRUCTURES Traditional organizational structures focus on the functions, or departments, within an organization, closely following the organizations customs and bureaucratic procedures. These structures have clearly defined lines of authority for all levels of management. Two traditional structures are line and line-and-staff. LINE STRUCTURE The line structure is defined by its clear chain of command, with final approval on decisions affecting the operations of the company still coming from the top down. Because the line structure is most often used in small organizations—such as small accounting offices and law firms, hair salons, and mom-and-pop stores—the president or CEO can easily provide information and direction to subordinates, thus allowing decisions to be made quickly. LINE-AND-STAFF STRUCTURE While the line structure would not be appropriate for larger companies, the line-and-staff structure is applicable because it helps to identify a set of guidelines for the people directly involved in completing the organizations work. This type of structure combines the flow of information from the line structure with the staff departments that service, advice, and support them. Based on the companys general organization, line-and-staff structures generally have a centralized chain of command. The line-and-staff managers have direct authority over their subordinates, but staff managers have no authority over line managers and their subordinates. Because there are more layers and presumably more guidelines to follow in this type of organization, the decision-making process is slower than in a line organization. MATRIX STRUCTURE A variation of the line-and-staff organizational structure is the matrix structure. In todays workplace, employees are hired into a functional department (a department that performs a specific type of work, such as marketing, finance, accounting, and human resources) but may find themselves working on projects managed by members of another department. Organizations arranged according to project are referred to as matrix organizations. Matrix organizations combine both vertical authority relationships (where employees report to their functional manager) and horizontal, or diagonal, work relationships (where employees report to their project supervisor for the length of the project). Workers are accountable to two supervisors—one functional manger in the department where the employee regularly works and one special project manager who uses the employees services for a varying period of time Because the matrix structure is often used in organizations using the line-and-staff setup, its also fairly centralized. However, the chain of command is different in that an employee can report to one or more managers, but one manager typically has more authority over the employee than the other manager(s). Organizational change for enterprise growth IBM During the mid-1990s, IBM revitalized its market strategy and product line architecture The need for this strategic and product line renewal could not have been more pressing. In 1990, IBM reported net earnings of approximate $6 billion. A year later, it reported a small net loss. In 1992, the loss approached $7 billion. By 1993, losses exceeded $8 billion! Market innovation was an important aspect of IBMs turnaround defined compelling user needs and frustrations, and drove these into new product designs in both hardware and software. IBM moved from a transactions processing orientation for all large corporate users, to an e-business consumer and focus within specific vertical markets. Toyota Company Toyota Motor Company was founded in 1937 by the Toyoda family. Business was relatively unsuccessful until Eiji Toyoda introduced the method of lean production after studying Ford’s Rouge plant in Detroit in 1950.This lean production method became known as the Toyota Production System. The production executive, Taiichi Ohno, successfully helped Toyoda improve his company using this new production method and mode of thinking. Organization structure of Toyota Toyota employees and executive’s one quickly learn the word â€Å"I† instead of â€Å"we†. Employees are encouraged to share information and because higher ranking employee are encouraged to serve as mentor of lower level employee. Toyota has a more horizontal organizational structure â€Å"Matrix structure† Toyota’s use of matrix structure gives the company significant advantage because people working with â€Å"responsibility without authority† challenge to uncover truth and find solutions. Networking Both large and small organizations are increasingly required to network or enter into strategic alliances with other firms, in order to achieve success. Strategic inter-organizational alliances and networking (through technology) are becoming the keys in managing organizations in the 1990s. Many firms (both small and large) have now realized the need for business alliances. In this perspective, firms use a variety of strategies to create an alliance with other firms, through people who can help their business grow. This process involves a variety of means and instruments which include networking with friends and colleagues, joining professional organizations, hiring skilled professionals for special needs, client referral development and the use of sophisticated information systems-networks. Networks are transforming the roles of employees in organizations. The back office has moved to the front and the new technology has changed many career paths. Salient Benefits It can serve as a transitional stage to help organizations to become leaner, more innovative and responsive in order to meet today’s organizational challenge to change. Enterprise networking also offers more timely, cost effective and integrated ways to make information available throughout an entire enterprise. Enterprise networking techniques are also being used to eliminate routine tasks. Outsourcing: a major drive to network formation An outcome of outsourcing has been the growth in the number of integrated companies, which are vendors that offer companies a customized network of vehicles, drivers, dispatchers, managers and transport control systems? In the strictest sense of the word, outsourcing refers to the transfer of assets, such as computers, networks and people, from a using organization to a service vendor, which then assumes under long-term contract the responsibility for the outsourced activity. Current examples of this arrangement include Digital Equipment Corporation’s operation of Kodak’s network and MCI’s and IBM’s operation of Merrill Lynch’s network. EDS and Texas Air formed a joint venture to provide reservation systems; EDS paid $250 million to Texas Air for assets of System One subsidiary transferred to joint venture; EDS acquired 2,300 of 3,000 System One employees under ten-year facilities management contract. Chevron and IBM will manage the SNA n etwork, ATT the private voice network, Hughes the retail point-of-sale network at 2,000 service stations. The globalization of networking Within Europe networks are a key means in a recently concluded five-year nation-wide, action-research-based Swedish work reform effort involving more than 100 organizations in various networks. This was called the Leadership, Organization and Co-determination (LOM) programmed. Perhaps the most popular European examples of networking are found in Denmark. In 1989, the Danish government earmarked $25 million to create a networking programmed. Companies joined in groups of three, four and five to chase exports and expand their product lines. Manufacturers pooled resources and skills, technology and information. Companies in the service sector combined research, training and marketing. Within 18 months, 3,500 of Denmark’s enterprises (ranging from law firms to furniture makers) were operating in these networks. Trust: a stumbling-block to successful networking It is widely understood and accepted that trust is a fundamental prerequisite to any successful networking arrange ment. However, strategic alliances should not be regarded as â€Å"quick-fix† management solutions. Many alliances are plagued by clashing cultures and conflicting interests. If alliance partners are not pulling together in the same direction or have not agreed on how to measure success, there are going to be problems. Potential conflicts with members of the alliance can be lessened through agreements that are carefully drawn up at the outset as well as through reinforcement of the informal ties between members. Risk sharing and the establishment of long-lasting trust (through social ties) are what binds networked companies together. When reaching out and taking risks with another company, trust is vital. This is why the interplay between the business rationale and the social fabric becomes so prominent. What must be borne in mind is that involvement builds knowledge and knowledge tends to build trust. REFERENCE?_ASIF_NADYA_ANICA Conclusion Combination of strategy, structure and management. The move from a functional organization to an integrated one is a major undertaking that may take years to implement effectively. However, the time constraint is of no real consequence. Today’s corporate partners are less interested in short-term ventures designed to save a few dollars and more focused on long-term alliances where gains are made over many years. Alliances are therefore constructed as effective means to acquire access to new markets and special expertise, or to beat others to market. Strategic alliances are also becoming increasingly necessary to support innovative activities. In these perspectives, strategic alliances are increasingly required to pool resources, skills and risk capital to maintain industrial competitiveness in a hypercompetitive global marketplace. The need for alliances is also driven by rapidly advancing technology Networking is the ability to develop and cultivate a large and diverse g roup of people who will gladly and continually refer business to one another. In a structural sense, networks offer a promising alternative to the two-dimensional lens of strategy and structure through which most senior managers evaluate their organizations. Over time, the members of the network influence values and behaviour both above and below them in the larger organization. Networking is, in effect, reaching out and creating visibility for oneself and one’s company in niche or target markets. It is also the process of targeting and getting involved in associations, groups, clubs or other organizations where the customers and prospects in a niche market spend time with one another. In recent years, the rise of the â€Å"network† form of organization has been dramatic. Even economic sectors that were traditionally driven by conventional business and organizational rationales have espoused this novel form. Among such sectors are the healthcare sector, local and state public-service organizations, the oil industry and the insurance industry. What is also important to note is that networking is quickly following the rationales of the global economy and, as a result, we are now witnessing the formation of networks on a global scale. References: Zeffane, R.M. (1994), â€Å"Inter-organizational alliance and networking: the role of technology†, Leadership Organization Development Journal, Zeffane, R.M,The widening scope of inter-organizational networking: economic, sectoral and social dimensions Rachid Zeffane Paul F. TakakOutsourcing Technology https://www.slideshare.net/ahmad1957/organizational-structure-1340467 https://www.npd-solutions.com/orgstructure.html https://www.skyrme.com/insights/1netorg.htm https://ezinearticles.com/?Organizational-Structure,-Creativity,-Innovationid=21591 https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=tIUUA09yylsCpg https://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/heritage/ourheritage.html https://www.coca-cola.com/index.jsp https://www.coca-cola.com/template1/index.jsp?locale=en_GB https://www.toyota-industries.com/product/ https://www.nyenrode.nl/businesstopics/sustainability/Pages/KeytoToyota%27ssuccess.aspx https://www.entrepreneur.com/marketing/ne tworking/article58210.html https://exchange.diamondconsultants.com/pdf/Network_Org_White_Paper.pdf https://www.economy-point.org/n/network-organization.html THE NEW ORGANIZATION (mukulRuchira) CONCLUSION (mukulruchira) I PUT THIS LIST FOR EXAMPLE? PLEASE WRITE YOUR REFERENCE LIKE IN THIS LIST REFERENCE Paper Based Resources Slomon John, Economics, 2006 (6th Edition), Pearson Education Ltd., England Slomon John, Essentials of Economics, 2007 (4th Edition), Pearson Education Ltd., England Electronic Resources Web 1: Mercer’s Quality of Living Survey [online] (cited 7 march 2009) available from www.mercer.com Web 2: The Underground Economy definition [online] (cited 7 march 2009) available from (https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm= TCE Param =A1ARTA0008198, Canadian Encyclopedia).

Cave Paintings Essay - 958 Words

Creating art is one of the single defining factors that set humans apart from animal species. Through art, humans are able to express their innermost ideas and feelings, without having the difficulty of trying to find the correct words to accurately describe their thought processes. Works of art can help us to understand the people who have come before us. This is evidenced by the knowledge humans have discovered of prehistoric men and their symbolic cave paintings. The expression, style, and meaning vary and archaeologists put in much effort to uncover these works. The first evidence of cave art appeared in Western Europe (Berenguer 67). Early cave paintings were characteristic of Western art. They were supported by an acute vision,†¦show more content†¦It is often found to be extremely animalistic. The animals most commonly depicted are horses, deer, reindeer, bison, ipex, aurochs, woolly rhinoceroses, and mammoths. Sometimes lions and bears are also created, but rarely fi sh or birds. Humans were also commonly represented (Berenguer 73). Prehistoric men also created abstract designs that have proven hard to identify. They are referred to as signs and a special nomenclature has been developed to better understand their meaning. Tectiforms are generally quadrangular shapes, with crossing vertical lines inside forming a trellis or mesh design. Tectiforms often appear near naturalistic figures of animals. Scutiforms have been thought to represent the female vulva. They are formed by red patches, often in the form of a comma or a key. Other types of signs are penniforms, ramiforms, and claviforms. The exact meanings of most of these signs remain unknown (Berenguer 82). The French scholar Leroi-Gourhan formed a theory regarding the animalistic and abstract art representations. He believed all depictions revolved around the law of sex, noting that the philosophy of the prehistoric men concentrated all explanations on sex and sexual relations. Cave art depic tions of animals are divided into male and female. The male animals are horses, she-goats, and deer. Bison, bovidae, and mammoths are female. The signs are also divided into gender categories. Triangles, rectangles, ramiforms, tectiforms, and scutiforms areShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cave Paintings1253 Words   |  6 Pages The Cave of Lascaux and Cave Art nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cave paintings might possibly be the oldest known form of communication that exists today. Cave paintings date back to a period of time called the Paleolithic Age. The Paleolithic Age took place from 40,000 to 10,000 B.C. Prehistoric Age is divided into three parts: Paleolithic being the earliest, Mesolithic being the middle at 10,000 B.C. and Neolithic Age being the latest at 8,000 B.C. 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A Research Based Evaluation On Targets - 998 Words

The first target 7.1 is partially measurable if we encompass the entire world and it’s disparities. Universal access to these energy sources would require an increased cooperation of the world countries that is not absolutely certain in the next fifteen years. In the second target 7.2, the increase of the share of renewable energy is not quantified and reveals the limits of feasibility of this target. The third target 7.3 is imprecise and therefore not really measurable since doubling the actual global rate of improvement in energy efficiency implies knowing the actual global rate of improvement, which is not defined. The fourth target 7.a is clearly quantified by its sub-targets and therefore is more accurate and measurable than the previous ones. The fifth and last target 7.b is more concise and realistic than the others as it establish a parallel between different categories of countries and takes in account their respective programs of support. 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A Modest Proposal Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example For Students

A Modest Proposal Rhetorical Analysis Essay Unlike most essays, Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal is written for the reader to see through what the narrator is expressing. The narrator does not want the reader to agree that the solution to overpopulation and poverty in Ireland is to eat babies, he wants the reader to see there needs to be a practical solution. By stating the advantages and objections to his proposal, using ironic words and phrases, he directs the reader not to see the apparent, but the implicit. Swifts narrative voice metaphorically compares the Irish to pigs and cows, which implies the Irish are being treated subhumanly. Although something seems one way to the narrator, Jonathan Swift wants the reader to see it in an opposite light. We will write a custom essay on A Modest Proposal Rhetorical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Firstly, the narrative voice begins the essay by describing the deplorable conditions in which the Irish peasants are living. He demonstrates there is a serious problem with a great need for a solution. He then suggests a solution and then lists a whole list of advantages. His propsal of eating the Irish babies is followed by advantages such as by the sale of their children, the parents would be rid of the charge of maintaining them after the first year(14). Another advantage is, as Swift put it, the poorer tenants will have something valuable of their own(14). These quotations imply that the poorer tenants have nothing of value and that they would have to resort to selling their own flesh and blood in order to earn an income; they also do not take into consideration that the parents might want to have a family and children who will live with them past the age of one year. A decrease in the meat consumed by Ireland would lead to an advantage of the addition of some thousand carcasses in our exportation of barreled beef(14). A quotation such as this asks the residents of Ireland to eat human flesh to improve exportation. All the advantages he suggests are true: if his proposal was put into action, these would be benefits, but he is asking the poor to sell their children for consumption. The large population and poor living conditions of Irish peasants are matters which need to be taken care of. By means of downplaying his modest proposal, the narrator leads the reader to believe his proposal is rationale. He even goes as far as saying, I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts, which I hope will not be liable to the least objection(1) before he introduces the solution of eating infants. Of course there will be objections to this outrageous recommendation as it is a ridiculous notion. The suggestion of eating young children is most definitely not humble. He also proclaims, he can think of no one objection that will be raised against this proposal, unless it should be urged that the number of people will be thereby much lessened in the kingdom.(15). There are objections and they include more than just concerns about the population numbers. The Irish are being asked to consider ideas of selling their children for profit and cannibalism. If this idea is to go beyond just a proposal, the values of society should be questioned. If this is to be contemplated as a legiti mate solution, the values of society should also be examined thoroughly, I might add. Throughout the essay, ironic words and phrases are used to make the reader see that there is a discrepancy between the stated word or phrase and the implied meaning. The title of Swifts essay, A Modest Proposal implies that his suggestion will be one of insubstantial content, something simple and unassuming. As a solution to the poor standard of living of the Irish, the narrator suggests eating children of about one year old. This recommendation is ludicrous and not simple at all. The narrator is asking the Irish to revert to cannibalism, which not just eating other human beings, it includes their own children. When the narrator begins to introduce this preposterous proposal, he comments, I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts, which I hope will not be liable to the least objection. (11) He proposes the idea of eating the young and then downplays this ridiculous notion as being humble. Although the narrator is suggesting an appalling idea, he minimizes it as a humble th ought by claiming it is something simple or unpretentious and then continues to report that there will be no objections to his way of thinking. The narrator uses the term carcass more than once to describe the children being discussed. The Canadian Oxford Paperback Dictionary defines a carcass as the dead body of an animal, especially one slaughtered for its meat(138). By using the word carcass, the narrator exhibits that the Irish peasants are thought of as subhuman. Despite suggesting an outlandish notion, he is trying to make others see that there is a problem and it needs to be solved. Metaphors are used continuously throughout this essay to parallel the Irish peasants to animals. Before introducing the proposal, the narrator compares Americans to savages when he states, a very knowing American(11) told him that a child of one year makes wholesome food(11). They are treated like animals by the English and their landlords. The narrator also discusses eating the Irish infants, lik e one would a piece of animal flesh. The Irish peasants are constantly portrayed as animals. For example, Pigsare no way comparable in taste or magnificence to a well-grown, fat yearling child, (14) compares the babies directly to pigs. While introducing his proposal to the reader, he talks of how infants flesh will be in season throughout the year(11). This confirms the narrator writing about the Irish as if they are animals that will become a new excellent nutritive meat(12) one could pick up at the market. Furthermore, the narrator metaphorically compares the poor treatment of the Irish to animals when writing, the landlords have already devoured most of the parents(11) of these children. The landlord have devoured the parents in the sense of excessive taxation and collecting high rent. The parents are paralleled to animals and dehumanized by being referred to as breeders several times in the essay. Lastly, the children are depicted almost as a form of currency. The sale of the c hildren for food is to pay their parents debts. The infants emerge as a form of collateral from this proposal. By using metaphors, the treatment of the Irish peasants as less than human by the English is depicted. .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd , .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .postImageUrl , .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd , .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd:hover , .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd:visited , .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd:active { border:0!important; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd:active , .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2956164e9157b276a9a07fade24102bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oedipus EssayListing advantages and claiming that there will be no objections, the narrator rationalizes his solution and consequently makes the reader believe his suggestion will be one of insignificant content. He captures the attention of the reader by using irony, which is firstly evident in the title of the essay, A Modest Proposal. His tone of voice detaches him emotionally by supporting this proposal with examples of how animals are bred, proposing that children be bred the same way. In conclusion, the narrator is deeply angry about the way in which the English treat the Irish peasants and he thinks something should be done. By stating the problems and proposing an extreme solution, he works with irony throughout the essay to allow his reader to see things on the flip-side. Swifts proposal is an antithesis to get the reader to see the contrary. Bibliography:Work CitedCarcass. The Canadian Oxford Paperback Dictionary. 2000 ed. Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal. Introduction to Literature. Eds. Isobel Findlay et. al. 4th ed. Toronto: Harcourt Brace, 2001. 9-16.